Gum Disease

Gum Disease

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the gums surrounding your teeth. It is one of the top reasons for tooth loss in adults, and because it is virtually pain-free, many patients don't know they have it. During each regular checkup, Dr. Song will check for signs of periodontal disease by measuring the space between your teeth and gums.

What Causes Gum Disease?

Gum disease is caused by a buildup of plaque — a sticky form of bacteria that forms on teeth. If plaque is not removed through flossing, brushing, and regular dental checkups, it builds up and creates toxins that damage the gums.

The Two Stages

Gingivitis — The early stage: gums become red, swollen, and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is treatable and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing.

Periodontitis — If left untreated, gingivitis advances and the gums and bone that support the teeth become seriously damaged. Infected gums can cause teeth to loosen, fall out, or require removal.

Risk Factors

• Smoking or using chewing tobacco
• Diabetes
• Certain medications (steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs, calcium channel blockers, oral contraceptives)
• Crooked teeth or old fillings that no longer fit properly
• Pregnancy

Common Symptoms

• Gums that bleed easily
• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
• Persistent bad breath or bad taste
• Permanent teeth that are loose or separating